Filipino migrants with pending applications for U.S. permanent residency say uncertainty surrounding a recent government memo on green card processing has heightened concerns over their legal status, employment prospects and family stability, while immigration advocates continue to seek formal clarification from federal authorities.

Questions emerged after comments by Philippine Ambassador to the United States Jose Manuel Romualdez to Philippine broadcaster GMA News, in which he said Filipinos applying for a green card would need to “go home first,” reflecting guidance that appeared consistent with a U.S. government memo whose implications have been widely debated among migrant communities.

The remarks drew attention among Filipino workers in the United States, many of whom have spent years building careers and supporting families while awaiting decisions on their residency applications.Sharvari Dalal-Dheini, director of government relations at the American Immigration Lawyers Association, said uncertainty remains because U.S. authorities have yet to issue updated public guidance clarifying reports that elements of the policy may have been reconsidered.

“Stakeholders continue to be confused and dubious of the government’s claims. Until we have official word, we remain concerned and extremely cautious,” Dalal-Dheini said.The lack of clear guidance has created challenges for migrants attempting to plan their futures, according to advocates and workers affected by the policy debate.

Immigration lawyers say applicants are often reluctant to make major employment, housing or family decisions when regulatory requirements remain unclear.Among those affected is Marie, a Filipino migrant whose green card application remains pending.

She said the uncertainty extends beyond migrants themselves and affects the broader network of relatives and communities that depend on them.According to Marie, the consequences of prolonged uncertainty could also be felt by U.S. citizens who rely on migrant workers for essential services and care.

The issue is particularly significant in sectors such as elder care, where Filipino workers have long played an important role in addressing labor shortages and supporting aging populations in parts of the United States.Gabriela, a Filipino caregiver who has worked at the same retirement home in California’s San Fernando Valley for 15 years, said concerns about her immigration status have intensified because her permanent residency application has not yet been resolved.

She has cared for one patient, now 97 years old, for nine years and said the prospect of being required to leave the country raises questions about the continuity of care for elderly residents as well as the welfare of her own family.Gabriela said she migrated to the United States after concluding that opportunities in the Philippines were insufficient to provide the level of financial support she sought for her children.

With her residency application still pending, she said she fears the consequences for both her family and the people under her care if she were required to return to the Philippines before receiving a final decision on her immigration status.The concerns expressed by Filipino migrants highlight broader questions about labor migration and the economic factors that continue to drive workers overseas.

Marie said many migrants leave their home countries because of limited economic opportunities and the need to secure stable incomes for their families. She argued that immigration policies should take into account the human impact on workers who have established lives abroad while contributing to the economies and communities where they live.

“There needs to be more leadership from both the U.S. government and the Philippines government to understand the human impact, the human cost of these things,” she said.The Philippine Embassy in Washington defended the country’s record on migrant welfare and said the government remains committed to supporting Filipinos overseas.

“The Philippines is recognized globally as being at the forefront of promoting and protecting the welfare and rights of Filipino nationals overseas,” an embassy spokesperson said.The spokesperson said many overseas Filipinos choose to work abroad after assessing their personal circumstances and determining that international employment offers greater professional, financial or career opportunities than those available at home.

“While the Philippines continues to offer opportunities as a growing economy, many overseas Filipinos have carefully weighed their choices and determined that employment abroad is better suited to their personal, professional, or financial goals,” the spokesperson said.For migrants awaiting greater clarity, however, uncertainty remains the dominant concern.

Immigration advocates say formal guidance from U.S. authorities will be critical in determining how affected applicants proceed and whether existing interpretations of the policy accurately reflect government intentions.

Until such clarification is issued, lawyers, workers and advocacy groups say many applicants are likely to remain cautious about making decisions that could affect their legal status, employment and family arrangements in the United States.

The diplomatic exchange follows Ghana’s decision last month to arrange flights for hundreds of its nationals seeking to leave South Africa after a wave of protests and violence targeting foreign migrants intensified in several communities.

Tensions escalated after Ghana’s embassy in Pretoria published footage showing passengers aboard a repatriation flight waving Ghanaian flags as they departed South Africa. The images drew attention across social media and prompted a sharp response from South African authorities.

South African Foreign Minister Ronald Lamola said Pretoria had initially sought to assist Ghana’s government in facilitating the voluntary return of its citizens in a constructive and humanitarian manner. However, he accused some Ghanaian officials of presenting an incomplete picture of events and undermining diplomatic norms.

“Our initial hope was simply to assist the Government of Ghana in repatriating its citizens in a humane and cordial manner,” Lamola said in comments posted on X. He added that South Africa would not continue to accept what he called “public spectacles” marked by misinformation and lacking diplomatic decorum.

His remarks were directed at statements made by Ghanaian Foreign Minister Sam Okudzeto Ablakwa, whose comments accompanied public discussion surrounding the evacuation effort.

The dispute highlights growing strains caused by recurring outbreaks of xenophobic sentiment in South Africa, where economic hardship and high unemployment have periodically fueled hostility toward foreign nationals. With unemployment exceeding 30%, migrants are often blamed by some groups for competition over jobs, housing and public services.

South Africa has long attracted both documented and undocumented workers from across the continent due to its comparatively diversified economy and greater employment opportunities. However, periodic anti-immigrant violence has remained a persistent challenge for successive governments.

Recent tensions intensified after a widely circulated video appeared to show a Ghanaian national being assaulted, sparking outrage among migrant communities and prompting renewed calls for protection of foreign residents.

The repatriation flights organized by Ghana underscore growing concerns among African governments about the safety of their citizens living in South Africa. At the same time, the public disagreement between Pretoria and Accra reflects the diplomatic sensitivities surrounding migration, public security and regional relations as authorities seek to manage the fallout from renewed anti-foreigner unrest.

Neither government has indicated any immediate change in bilateral relations, but the exchange has drawn attention to the broader challenge of addressing xenophobic violence while preserving regional cooperation and freedom of movement across the continent.

The Department of Foreign Affairs said the woman died on Sunday “alongside her Israeli husband and elderly parents-in-law” when the home was hit. Israeli rescue services reported recovering four bodies from the rubble following the strike, which was attributed to an Iranian missile attack.

Local media identified the Filipino victim by her given name, Lucille-Jean, stating that she and her family were pulled from the collapsed residence after hours of rescue operations.

The Philippine embassy in Tel Aviv has notified the victim’s relatives and is coordinating assistance, including efforts to repatriate her remains despite ongoing travel disruptions in the region.

The death marks the second confirmed Filipino fatality since hostilities escalated following U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran in late February. Mary Ann Velasquez De Vera, a 32-year-old caregiver, was killed on March 1 while attempting to bring her elderly ward to a bomb shelter.

The conflict has placed an estimated two million Filipinos living and working across the Middle East at risk, many of whom are employed as domestic workers or in maritime roles. The Philippines relies heavily on remittances sent home by overseas workers, making the situation a growing concern for authorities in Manila.

Thousands of Filipino seafarers remain stranded amid heightened risks in the Strait of Hormuz, where shipping activity has been severely disrupted. Philippine officials said Iran had pledged to allow safe passage for Filipino vessels and crew, though no clear timeline has been provided.

Meanwhile, Donald Trump reiterated warnings that the United States could target Iranian infrastructure if tensions continue to escalate, as diplomatic efforts to secure a ceasefire remain unresolved.

Marcos told reporters he had consulted counterparts across the 10-member bloc on whether to postpone the gathering, but leaders agreed that coordination was more critical given the external shocks affecting fuel supply chains, food prices and migrant workers.

“The consensus that we came to is that it is precisely now that we must coordinate our efforts,” Marcos said.

The streamlined agenda will concentrate on immediate economic pressures facing Southeast Asia, including volatility in energy markets and rising food costs, which governments in the region are monitoring closely as geopolitical tensions persist.

ASEAN economies are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in global fuel prices due to their reliance on imports, while supply chain disruptions have added strain to domestic inflation dynamics in several member states.

Marcos said discussions would also address the welfare of migrant workers, a key issue for ASEAN countries that rely heavily on overseas employment. Regional governments have been assessing the impact of instability in the Middle East, a major destination for Southeast Asian labour.

The Philippine government has already flagged concerns about overseas workers in affected areas, reflecting broader anxieties across ASEAN about potential displacement and income disruptions.

The decision to proceed with the summit underscores ASEAN’s preference for continuity in regional dialogue despite global uncertainty. Marcos indicated that postponement was considered but ultimately rejected in favour of maintaining diplomatic engagement.

The summit is expected to retain core leadership interactions while scaling back ceremonial and extended policy sessions, reflecting what Marcos described as a need for efficiency under current conditions.