The crew Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen launched from Florida last week aboard the Orion spacecraft and traveled beyond the Moon’s far side, becoming the farthest-flying humans in history.

The mission is part of NASA’s broader Artemis program, a multibillion-dollar effort to return humans to the lunar surface by 2028 and establish a sustained presence that could support future missions to Mars.

During a six-hour lunar flyby, the astronauts conducted real-time observations and communicated continuously with scientists on Earth, providing rare human insights into lunar conditions.

Researchers gathered at NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston analyzed live and recorded data, engaging in direct exchanges with the crew across a distance of more than 400,000 km.

Scientists view the mission as a key step in advancing understanding of the solar system’s formation, with the Moon offering what mission specialists describe as a “witness plate” of early planetary history.

The data collected during the flyby is also expected to inform potential landing sites for future robotic missions, which NASA plans to begin deploying in the coming years as part of its long-term lunar exploration strategy.