The meeting took place at Beijing’s Great Hall of the People following a ceremonial reception, according to China’s state broadcaster CCTV, and comes as Myanmar’s military government seeks to consolidate political legitimacy following the 2021 coup that ousted the elected administration of Aung San Suu Kyi.

China has remained Myanmar’s most significant external partner since Western countries severed or downgraded ties after the coup, and has played a role as a regional power broker in efforts to manage the country’s civil war and border stability.

Xi told Min Aung Hlaing that China supports Myanmar in balancing development and security and pursuing a development path aligned with national conditions, while also calling for continued cooperation between the two countries on combating transnational crimes such as online fraud, illegal gambling and drug trafficking.

The Chinese president also emphasised the importance of dialogue among all parties in Myanmar to advance peace and reconciliation, describing the bilateral relationship as one that has “stood together through thick and thin,” according to state media.

Min Aung Hlaing’s visit to Beijing, his second since becoming civilian president in 2021, comes amid ongoing conflict inside Myanmar and increasing scrutiny of cross-border scam networks operating in border regions, which have affected Chinese citizens.

Beijing has also maintained defence and economic ties with Myanmar’s military authorities, while supporting limited ceasefires brokered with some armed groups operating along the countries’ shared border.

Myanmar’s political crisis, triggered by the 2021 military takeover, has fuelled armed conflict across the country and contributed to severe economic disruption, while also increasing its strategic importance in regional supply chains, including rare earth mineral production.

Min Aung Hlaing is seeking to expand trade and security ties with China, a major partner for Myanmar following the 2021 military coup that removed the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi.

China has become an important power-broker in Myanmar’s civil war, supporting different sides and negotiating ceasefires based on its strategic interests.

The visit comes as relations between Beijing and Naypyidaw face challenges, including concerns over online scam centers operating near their shared border.

During his five-day trip, Min Aung Hlaing is expected to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Qiang and other senior officials.

China remains a key supplier of military equipment to Myanmar and has helped broker agreements with armed groups along the border.

Myanmar has also gained global attention as a supplier of rare earth minerals, which are important for China’s renewable energy industries.

The visit highlights China’s continued influence in Myanmar’s political, economic and security affairs.

The Myanmar leader was welcomed in the eastern Indian state of Bihar before beginning a visit to Bodh Gaya, one of Buddhism’s holiest pilgrimage sites where tradition holds that the Buddha attained enlightenment.

India’s foreign ministry described the visit as a reflection of the longstanding spiritual, historical and people-to-people connections between the neighboring countries. Foreign ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said the trip underscored ongoing cooperation and the importance both governments place on bilateral relations.

Min Aung Hlaing is scheduled to hold talks in New Delhi on Monday with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu. Discussions are expected to focus on expanding cooperation across strategic, economic and developmental sectors.

Indian officials said the visit also includes a significant commercial component, with the Myanmar president due to meet business representatives and later travel to Mumbai, India’s financial center. The talks are expected to examine opportunities to increase trade and investment links between the two countries.

According to Indian government figures, bilateral trade between India and Myanmar totaled approximately $1.95 billion during the 2025-26 fiscal year, highlighting the growing economic relationship between the neighbors.

The visit comes at a significant moment in Myanmar’s political transition. Min Aung Hlaing was sworn in as president in April, maintaining leadership of the country from a civilian office five years after the military seized power in a coup. His inauguration was attended by representatives from several regional countries, including India, China and Thailand, reflecting the importance neighboring states place on engagement with Myanmar.

For India, stronger ties with Myanmar carry strategic importance because of their shared border, regional connectivity projects and security cooperation in northeastern India. Enhanced economic engagement could also support New Delhi’s broader efforts to deepen links with Southeast Asia through its regional outreach initiatives.

In a statement, the office of Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing said government troops had defeated what it described as “terrorist insurgent groups” along the route connecting Mandalay with Myitkyina, the capital of Kachin state located near China’s border.

The military said operations to secure the corridor lasted more than 15 months and involved 322 engagements ranging from small clashes to major battles.“The operations lasted for over one year and three months,” the statement said, adding that the bodies of 138 rebel fighters had been recovered.

The military acknowledged casualties among its own troops but did not provide figures.Myanmar has remained engulfed in conflict since the military overthrew the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in a February 2021 coup, triggering nationwide resistance from pro-democracy militias and ethnic armed organizations.

A coordinated rebel offensive launched in late 2023 had initially pushed military forces back across large areas of northern Myanmar and threatened territory closer to Mandalay, the country’s second-largest city and a key commercial center.

Analysts have said some ethnic armed groups operating near the Chinese border previously benefited from tacit Chinese support aimed at preserving Beijing’s influence in the frontier region. However, China later pressed several rebel factions into ceasefire arrangements amid concerns that escalating instability could disrupt cross-border trade and investment.

In recent months, two of the three ethnic minority armies that spearheaded the offensive agreed to China-mediated truces, leaving allied pro-democracy fighters increasingly isolated and under pressure from military counteroffensives.

The recapture claim comes as Myanmar’s military-backed administration seeks to project greater political stability following elections earlier this year that delivered victory to parties aligned with the junta.Last month, coup leader Min Aung Hlaing formally assumed the presidency in a transition that democracy groups and international observers criticized as an attempt to legitimize continued military rule.

The government has also intensified efforts to deepen economic ties with China, including reviving stalled infrastructure and energy projects linked to Beijing’s regional investment strategy.The military said the reopening of the Mandalay-Myitkyina corridor would improve regional commerce and facilitate smoother trade flows with China.

The pardon was announced during clemency measures marking the Full Moon Day of Kason, observed as Buddha’s Birthday and Demise, with state media reporting that 1,519 prisoners, including 11 foreigners, were granted amnesty and sentences for remaining convicted inmates were reduced by one-sixth.

Two legal officials familiar with the matter said the measure would further reduce Suu Kyi’s sentence by one-sixth, though they did not specify the exact number of years remaining. Based on previous sentence reductions, the 80-year-old is expected to still have more than 13 years left to serve.

The amnesty is the second in two weeks, following an earlier pardon on April 17 in which more than 4,500 prisoners were released and prison terms under 40 years were cut by one-sixth.

It was not immediately clear how many political prisoners detained for opposing military rule were included in Thursday’s latest clemency.Suu Kyi was arrested on Feb. 1, 2021, when the military seized power from her elected government, ending a decade of partial civilian rule and triggering nationwide protests that later evolved into a prolonged armed conflict.

She was originally sentenced to 33 years in prison in late 2022 on multiple charges ranging from corruption to election-related offenses, cases widely criticized by her supporters and international rights groups as politically motivated and designed to legitimize the army’s takeover while blocking her return to public life.

Her sentence was first reduced to 27 years in August 2023 and was cut again by more than four years during the April 17 amnesty.She is believed to be serving her sentence at an undisclosed location in Naypyitaw, Myanmar’s capital, under tightly controlled conditions.

There were reports last week that she could be moved to house arrest as part of the latest clemency measures, but authorities have not confirmed such a transfer.Information about her health remains limited. Reports in recent years have suggested declining health, including low blood pressure, dizziness and heart-related concerns, though these accounts have not been independently verified.

Her legal team has not been permitted to meet her in person since December 2022.The military government is now led by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, who was sworn in as president on April 10 following an election widely criticized by opponents as neither free nor fair and designed to preserve military control.

In his inauguration speech, Min Aung Hlaing said his administration would grant amnesties aimed at promoting social reconciliation, justice and peace.According to the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners, more than 22,000 people have been detained in Myanmar since the coup, while the conflict that followed has killed thousands.

Before her latest imprisonment, Suu Kyi had already spent nearly 15 years under house arrest between 1989 and 2010 for opposing military rule, a struggle that made her an international symbol of democratic resistance and earned her the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize.

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Suu Kyi, 80, had been serving a 27-year sentence on multiple charges including incitement, corruption, election fraud and violations of state secrets laws, which her supporters say were politically motivated following the military takeover. It remains unclear whether she will be permitted to serve the remainder of her sentence under house arrest, according to her legal representative.

The sentence reduction comes as President Min Aung Hlaing approved an amnesty for 4,335 prisoners, state media reported. The move coincides with Thingyan, during which pardons are commonly granted, alongside annual Independence Day clemency measures.

A government spokesperson did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the scope of the amnesty or Suu Kyi’s status. The announcement also included provisions commuting death sentences to life imprisonment, according to official statements.

Myanmar has been in political turmoil since Min Aung Hlaing led a military coup in 2021 that ousted Suu Kyi’s elected government, triggering widespread unrest and international condemnation. He was sworn in as president earlier this month following elections widely criticised by international observers as lacking credibility.

The latest reduction marks the third amnesty initiative in six months, reflecting a pattern of periodic clemency announcements by the military authorities amid ongoing domestic instability.

The 69-year-old secured the presidency following a parliamentary vote broadcast live from Naypyitaw, where lawmakers aligned with the army-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party and constitutionally mandated military appointees ensured a decisive outcome.

His elevation follows elections held in December and January that delivered a sweeping victory to the military-backed party, polls widely criticized by Western governments and opposition groups as lacking credibility and designed to entrench military rule under a civilian façade.

Min Aung Hlaing, who has led Myanmar’s armed forces since 2011, recently oversaw a leadership reshuffle within the military, appointing loyalist Ye Win Oo as commander-in-chief after being nominated for the presidency earlier this week. Analysts view the transition as a calculated move to retain influence over both civilian and military institutions while seeking greater international legitimacy.

The general seized power in the February 2021 coup, detaining Suu Kyi and other senior leaders, an event that triggered mass protests and evolved into an entrenched civil war involving pro-democracy forces and ethnic armed groups.

Despite the formal political transition, fighting continues across multiple regions. This week, anti-junta factions, including elements linked to Suu Kyi’s political movement and ethnic militias, announced the formation of a broader alliance aimed at dismantling military rule and establishing a federal democratic system.

Analysts say the consolidation of power under Min Aung Hlaing could lead to intensified military operations against resistance forces, while also prompting regional actors to reassess diplomatic engagement with Myanmar’s leadership amid ongoing instability and economic strain.

Thousands of troops are set to march in the capital Naypyidaw, where Min Aung Hlaing is expected to deliver a speech aimed at reinforcing morale within the armed forces, which have been engaged in a protracted civil conflict since the 2021 coup.

State media reported that “leadership changes” would follow the ceremony, quoting deputy commander-in-chief Soe Win as saying adjustments were imminent within the military hierarchy.

Under Myanmar’s constitution, Min Aung Hlaing would need to relinquish his military role to formally become president. He currently serves as acting president, and a permanent transition would coincide with a parliamentary process expected to begin next week.

Min Aung Hlaing has ruled since overthrowing the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in 2021, detaining the Nobel laureate, dissolving her party, and triggering a nationwide conflict involving pro-democracy forces and ethnic armed groups.

Recent elections, which handed pro-military parties a decisive victory, have been criticized by democracy monitors as tightly controlled and excluding opposition participation.

Despite ongoing violence, the military has regained some ground over the past year, aided in part by China-brokered ceasefires with key ethnic armed groups. Agreements involving regions such as Lashio and parts of Mandalay have helped the junta stabilize certain fronts after earlier setbacks.

However, fighting remains widespread in many areas, with analysts noting the conflict is highly fragmented. According to monitoring group ACLED, more than 90,000 people have been killed since the coup, while the United Nations estimates over 3.7 million have been displaced and roughly half the population lives in poverty.

The Armed Forces Day ceremony, once a large-scale display of strength, has diminished in scale in recent years as the military contends with battlefield losses and internal strain.