The Pacific island nation of Nauru is preparing to decide whether to formally adopt “Naoero,” the Indigenous name used by its people, in a move that government leaders say would better reflect the country’s cultural heritage, language and national identity.

President David Adeang announced the proposal in a speech to parliament in January, describing the change as an effort to align the country’s official name with the term used by Nauruans in their own language. Parliament subsequently approved the proposal without opposition, paving the way for a national referendum that will determine whether the change becomes official.

If approved, the country would become known internationally as Naoero, pronounced “Now-ero,” replacing Nauru, commonly pronounced “Now-roo.” Government officials have argued that the existing name originated from historical adaptations made by foreign administrators and visitors who struggled to pronounce the Indigenous name correctly.

According to the government, the original name was altered over time because it could not be easily rendered by foreign speakers. Officials have said the current spelling was not adopted by the choice of the island’s inhabitants but emerged through colonial-era administrative practices.The proposed change would represent the latest chapter in the history of a nation that has undergone several name transitions over more than two centuries.

Located approximately 3,000 kilometers northeast of Australia, the island covers about 21 square kilometers, making it one of the world’s smallest sovereign states. Its population is estimated at around 13,000 people.The island first entered European records in 1798 when a British seafarer named it “Pleasant Island,” reportedly impressed by its landscape and the hospitality of its inhabitants.

After Germany annexed the territory in 1888, the name “Nauru” became established in official documentation, although other variants, including “Nawodo” and “Navoda Onawero,” were also recorded during different periods.Following World War I, Australia assumed primary administrative responsibility for the island under a League of Nations mandate beginning in 1919.

The Australian administration retained the spelling “Nauru,” and that designation remained in place after the country achieved independence in 1968. In the early 2000s, Nauru also became internationally known as the location of an Australian offshore immigration detention center.Researchers who study Indigenous place names say such renaming efforts often reflect broader questions about history, sovereignty and cultural recognition.

Zoltán Grossman, a professor of geography and Native American studies at Evergreen State College in the United States, said changing place names has historically been linked to colonial authority and control over territory.Grossman said colonial administrations frequently altered local names, diminishing the visibility of Indigenous peoples and cultures.

In his view, contemporary efforts to restore original names are often connected to broader assertions of self-determination and political identity.The Nauruan government has cited several international precedents in support of the proposal. These include Türkiye’s adoption of its preferred international name in place of the English-language “Turkey,” Eswatini’s replacement of the colonial-era name Swaziland, and the Micronesian state of Chuuk, which was widely referred to internationally as Truk until 1990.

Scholars also point to similar developments in other regions. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, several countries adopted spellings and names more closely aligned with local languages and identities. India has likewise renamed numerous cities and states since independence as part of efforts to reflect Indigenous and regional linguistic traditions.

Jordan Engel, founder of the Decolonial Atlas project, which documents Indigenous place names around the world, said there has been growing interest globally in restoring ancestral names to places and landmarks. According to Engel, the use of Indigenous names can strengthen cultural continuity and support the preservation of traditional languages.The issue, however, remains politically sensitive in many countries.

Debates over official place names have generated controversy in several jurisdictions where Indigenous and colonial naming traditions coexist. In New Zealand, proposals to increase official use of the Māori name Aotearoa have attracted public support but have also prompted political disagreements. The Cook Islands has similarly experienced periodic debate over whether to retain a name associated with British explorer James Cook.

For many Nauruans, the discussion centers on cultural identity rather than political transformation. Arcmen Willis, a wrestler who has represented the country in international competition, supports the proposed change and said he hopes people outside the island will learn to pronounce the Indigenous name correctly.

Willis said preserving national identity was important and expressed support for efforts to increase recognition of the country’s original name. At the same time, he emphasized that the proposal would not alter the daily lives of citizens, describing it primarily as a change in how the country is represented internationally.

The debate has also drawn attention to the future of the Nauruan language, officially known as dorerin Naoero. UNESCO classifies the language as “severely endangered.” While it continues to be spoken within families and communities, it is not taught in schools, raising concerns among language preservation advocates about its long-term survival.

Supporters of the name change argue that adopting Naoero could contribute to broader language revitalization efforts by increasing the visibility of the Indigenous language in official and international settings. Advocates say symbolic measures can reinforce cultural awareness and encourage future generations to maintain linguistic traditions.Even before any referendum result, elements of the proposed transition are already visible.

The name Naoero has been adopted by several public institutions, including the national postal service, health service and utility provider. Australia’s High Commission has also begun using both Nauru and Naoero in public communications.

The referendum is expected to determine whether the country formally adopts the Indigenous name in domestic law and international usage, marking a significant moment in the Pacific nation’s ongoing effort to define how it presents its history, language and identity to the world.

Wale, elected by lawmakers on Friday after the removal of former prime minister Jeremiah Manele, named former premier Rick Hou as foreign minister and legislator Peter Kenilorea as minister for National Planning and Development Coordination, portfolios central to the country’s foreign aid and diplomatic engagement.

The appointments are being closely watched by regional governments and Western allies as the strategically located Pacific archipelago remains an arena of competition between China and Australia for political and security influence.

Kenilorea is a member of the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China, a multinational group critical of Beijing’s policies. James Batley, a former Australian high commissioner to the Solomon Islands, said the appointments suggested a greater emphasis on transparency, although he said it was unlikely Honiara would reverse its 2019 decision to switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China.

Hou, who served as prime minister from 2017 to 2019 before the diplomatic switch, had publicly opposed the move to sever ties with Taiwan. Batley described Hou as experienced in international affairs and unlikely to be easily pressured in diplomatic negotiations.

Chinese Ambassador Cai Weiming and Australian High Commissioner Jeff Roach both met Wale over the weekend as regional powers moved quickly to engage the new administration.

According to a statement from the prime minister’s office, Wale told Cai that the Solomon Islands remained committed to the One China policy and intended to continue cooperation with Beijing to deliver economic benefits.

In separate talks with Australia, Wale said Canberra should adopt a longer-term approach to deepening bilateral ties, while describing Australia as the country’s longstanding development partner.

The government also restored a prohibition on the export of live dolphins, reversing a decision by the previous administration to lift the ban days before its collapse.

Environmental campaigner Lawrence Makili welcomed the move, saying it would help protect both marine life and the international reputation of the Solomon Islands’ tuna industry, one of the country’s largest sources of export revenue.

The issue gained prominence after a company applied to capture and export 50 dolphins, prompting criticism from conservation groups concerned about the impact on marine ecosystems and trade perceptions abroad.

While dolphin hunting in Malaita has historically been tied to traditional practices involving dolphin teeth, the commercial export of dolphins to aquariums in China has drawn increasing scrutiny in recent years.

Wale secured 26 votes against 22 for rival candidate Peter Shanel Agovaka in a parliamentary ballot announced by Governor General David Tiva Kapu.
“We take government at a difficult time, given what is happening throughout the world,” Wale said after his election.

“We are not immune from the impacts of these geopolitical events,” he added.

The leadership transition comes at a sensitive moment for the Pacific island nation, whose growing strategic relationship with China has drawn scrutiny from the United States, Australia and regional allies.

Located about 1,600 kilometers northeast of Australia, the Solomon Islands has become a focal point of geopolitical competition in the Pacific since signing a security pact with China in 2022.

Wale had previously emerged as one of the agreement’s most vocal domestic critics, warning the deal could undermine regional security arrangements and strain ties with traditional partners including Australia and the United States.

However, his stance toward Beijing appeared to soften in recent years. In 2025, Wale led a delegation to China where he praised the country’s economic development and reaffirmed support for the “one-China” policy, according to a statement released by the Chinese Communist Party.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese congratulated Wale after the vote and signaled Canberra’s intention to maintain close engagement with the new government.

“Congratulations to Matthew Wale, on being appointed Prime Minister of Solomon Islands. I look forward to working together to continue strengthening our economic, development and security partnership,” Albanese said in a post on X.

The Solomon Islands has experienced repeated political turbulence in recent years as external powers deepen engagement across the Pacific through security agreements, infrastructure projects and economic aid programs.

UNESCO is expanding efforts to protect living heritage across Small Island Developing States (SIDS), arguing that traditional knowledge systems are increasingly essential to disaster preparedness and climate resilience as island nations face rising environmental threats.

From the Pacific to the Caribbean, communities are using inherited practices such as cyclone-resistant housing, traditional medicine, oral storytelling, food preservation and weaving not only to preserve cultural identity, but also to respond to increasingly severe climate pressures including rising sea levels, volcanic activity, floods, cyclones and displacement.

UNESCO said these practices, often passed down through generations, represent both vulnerable cultural assets and practical tools for survival, particularly in remote communities with limited access to formal infrastructure.

Small Island Developing States account for less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet remain among the most exposed to the consequences of climate change because of their geography, dependence on natural resources and vulnerability to extreme weather events.

In response, UNESCO, with financial support from the Government of Japan, launched a regional project involving communities in Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, Belize and The Bahamas to strengthen the role of intangible cultural heritage in disaster risk reduction.

The project focused on documenting community practices, supporting transmission of traditional knowledge and connecting local communities with disaster management authorities so cultural knowledge could be integrated into formal resilience planning.

UNESCO said the approach reflects a broader recognition that living heritage can serve as both a safeguard and a response mechanism during emergencies.On Vanuatu’s Tanna Island, for example, community member Warau Frederick described traditional cyclone shelter construction as both cultural preservation and physical protection.

Vanuatu is among the countries most exposed to climate-related disasters in the Pacific, regularly facing cyclones, volcanic eruptions and displacement pressures. Communities there continue to rely on long-established building methods using local materials and inherited techniques to construct shelters capable of withstanding severe weather.

Frederick said he learned the process from his uncle and chose to build a shelter for his family before cyclone season, reflecting how traditional architecture remains embedded in everyday preparedness.Traditional weaving also remains economically significant in the same communities.

Eva Namri, a community member on Tanna Island and a knowledge bearer of traditional weaving, said the practice serves as a financial safety net during periods of hardship.“Weaving brings a great deal of income to my family,” Namri said. “It supports us whenever we face financial difficulties.

The biggest challenge for weaving comes from natural disasters.”UNESCO said such examples show how cultural practices operate simultaneously as economic resilience tools and heritage systems, particularly where formal income opportunities are limited.

Across the Caribbean, communities participating in the project focused on preserving food systems and traditional medicine as part of local resilience strategies.

In Fiji, where flooding and environmental changes increasingly threaten food security, communities relied on traditional fishing, farming methods and collective cooperation to maintain access to food.

In Vanuatu, people facing repeated displacement from volcanic activity and cyclones used early warning knowledge, gardening systems and traditional housing practices to reduce vulnerability.In Tonga, communities displaced by a volcanic eruption and tsunami emphasized the importance of oral traditions and craft practices not only for cultural continuity but also for mental well-being and livelihood recovery after disaster.

UNESCO said the project also created longer-term institutional foundations by identifying community members to serve as Intangible Cultural Heritage ambassadors, responsible for helping sustain and transmit traditional practices beyond the duration of the program.These local ambassadors were tasked with ensuring knowledge transfer, particularly in communities facing relocation or demographic shifts that risk interrupting intergenerational learning.

For many participants, the initiative also had direct economic implications.Feleti Akauola, a community member from Atata in Tonga, said relocation after disaster created uncertainty over how families could rebuild sustainable livelihoods.

He said guidance from Sitiveni Fehoko, a community trainer and intangible cultural heritage ambassador, helped communities think about traditional knowledge not only as preservation, but as a source of income and long-term stability.

“One of the key aspects of the project was that it strengthened me in many ways,” Akauola said. “It explained ways we could earn a living, especially for those of us who had been relocated. This was very encouraging, and it gave me and my wife the idea to start our work and make a living for our family.”UNESCO said this illustrates how cultural safeguarding increasingly intersects with economic adaptation, particularly in island states where environmental shocks can quickly translate into displacement, unemployment and food insecurity

.The agency has argued that disaster planning should not treat heritage solely as something to be protected after crisis, but as an active component of prevention and recovery strategies.As climate risks intensify globally, UNESCO said living heritage offers continuity that extends beyond formal emergency responses, helping communities retain identity while adapting to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

The organization said the project also raised awareness of vulnerable traditions that may otherwise disappear as migration, urbanization and repeated disasters disrupt local transmission systems.Even in cases of displacement, UNESCO found that communities continued practicing oral traditions, crafts and local environmental knowledge, reinforcing the adaptability of living heritage under pressure.

The initiative aligns with broader United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to climate resilience, cultural sustainability and inclusive development, particularly in regions where environmental vulnerability and cultural preservation are closely linked.UNESCO said future efforts will continue to focus on integrating heritage protection into national disaster reduction policies while supporting local ownership of cultural safeguarding.

For Small Island Developing States, the agency said, resilience increasingly depends not only on infrastructure and funding, but also on whether communities can retain the knowledge systems that have helped them survive for generations.