The shutdown, described by analysts as the longest in the country’s history, has severely limited access to foreign websites, messaging apps and social media platforms, while selected domestic services remain operational.

Iranian officials say the measures are necessary to counter espionage and cyber threats during the conflict. Critics, however, argue the restrictions are creating a two-tiered internet system that favors approved professionals and regime-linked figures.

Since April, doctors, lawyers and some business owners have reportedly gained broader online access through a program known as “Internet Pro,” while ordinary citizens increasingly rely on costly VPNs or illegal Starlink terminals to stay connected.

Rights advocates and analysts say the blackout has intensified economic hardship for freelancers and online businesses already struggling under sanctions and rising living costs.