The Immediate Combat Readiness Exercises, announced by Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense on Sunday, focus on assessing how quickly military units can mobilize and respond to potential threats, particularly in scenarios involving sudden escalation short of open conflict.

In Taoyuan, home to Taiwan’s largest international airport and a strategically important transportation hub, tanks and armored vehicles from the Army’s 269th Infantry Brigade were deployed on city streets and highways as part of combat readiness patrols, according to images and footage released by military authorities.

Taiwan’s defense ministry said the drills emphasize realistic operational conditions, including live-fire elements and real-time decision-making. The exercises are intended to simulate military responses during the critical period preceding a potential hostile assault.

According to Taiwan’s semi-official Central News Agency, the drills are structured to evaluate the military’s ability to react swiftly before an adversary launches amphibious or air operations. Authorities indicated that additional unscheduled exercises could be conducted in the future to test immediate responses to evolving security situations.

The drills come amid continued military activity by China around Taiwan. Taiwan’s defense ministry reported that 23 Chinese military aircraft, seven naval vessels and five government-operated ships were detected operating near the island between Sunday and Monday.

China regularly deploys warplanes, naval vessels and drones near Taiwan in what Taipei describes as pressure tactics intended to wear down the island’s defenses and signal Beijing’s territorial claims.

Grey-zone operations, which have become a central feature of cross-strait tensions, encompass activities such as military patrols, air incursions, maritime presence and drone operations that fall below the threshold of direct armed conflict but are designed to exert strategic pressure.

Beijing considers Taiwan part of its territory and has repeatedly stated that reunification remains a national objective. Chinese authorities have not ruled out the use of force to achieve that goal.

Taiwan, which operates as a self-governing democracy, has increasingly focused on strengthening its defense posture through expanded training programs, weapons modernization and civil defense preparations. Earlier this month, Taiwanese forces conducted a military exercise that included firing rockets toward waters facing China, marking a notable demonstration of defensive capabilities.

The latest readiness drills underscore Taipei’s efforts to improve rapid-response capabilities as military activity around the Taiwan Strait continues to intensify.

The “Immediate Combat Readiness Exercise” will run through Friday and forms part of Taiwan’s broader military modernization efforts to shift training toward realistic wartime scenarios and away from traditional scripted drills, the Ministry of National Defense said on Sunday.

The exercise comes as Taiwan increasingly bases portions of its military planning on the possibility that China could transform one of its frequent military operations around the island into a real attack with little warning.

According to the ministry, the drills will focus on improving the armed forces’ ability to conduct rapid transitions from peacetime to wartime conditions, while enhancing battlefield deployment, command coordination, logistical support and joint operational capabilities.

“The main objective is to train units at all levels to become familiar with combat practices and the battlefield environment during the readiness deployment phase,” the ministry said in a statement.

Officials said the exercise would involve troops operating in real-time conditions using actual equipment and terrain, reflecting Taiwan’s growing emphasis on combat-oriented training.

The announcement coincided with a new report of Chinese military activity near the island. Taiwan said 21 Chinese military aircraft, including J-16 fighter jets, KJ-500 airborne early warning aircraft and Y-20 aerial refueling planes, were detected operating near Taiwan on Sunday.

Nineteen of the aircraft entered airspace to Taiwan’s southwest and proceeded into the Western Pacific for what Taipei described as long-distance training missions over open seas.

Taiwan’s military said it monitored the activity and deployed forces to respond, using what it described as appropriate measures.

China, which views Taiwan as part of its territory despite the objections of the government in Taipei, has increased military operations around the island in recent years, regularly sending warships and aircraft into nearby waters and airspace.

Taiwan has responded by accelerating defense reforms, expanding reserve-force training and increasing the realism of military exercises designed to prepare for a potential cross-strait conflict.

Earlier this month, Taiwan conducted live-fire tests of its newly acquired U.S.-made High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS), a weapon platform that has gained prominence through its battlefield use in UkraineTaiwan’s annual Han Kuang military exercises, the island’s largest war games, are expected to take place in August.

Speaking to reporters in Taipei, Lai said Taiwan’s efforts to safeguard its security, democratic system and way of life should not be viewed as a provocation toward Beijing. He reiterated that the island rejects unification under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party and remains committed to enhancing its self-defense capabilities.

The request comes as Washington reviews the proposed arms package, which includes advanced U.S.-developed weapons systems. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said earlier this month that the proposal remained under consideration, while American officials have also assessed the impact of overseas military commitments on available weapons stockpiles.

The United States maintains unofficial relations with Taiwan and is legally obligated under domestic legislation to provide the island with defensive capabilities, despite formally recognizing Beijing as the sole government of China. Arms sales to Taiwan remain one of the most contentious issues in U.S.-China relations.

Responding to Lai’s remarks, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said attempts to pursue independence through U.S. support or military means were destined to fail. He accused Taiwan’s leadership of escalating regional tensions and dismissed Taipei’s defense initiatives.

China claims Taiwan as part of its territory and has repeatedly stated that it reserves the right to use force to bring the island under its control. Taiwan rejects Beijing’s sovereignty claims and maintains that its future should be determined by its people.

Lai’s administration has pledged to raise defense spending above 3 percent of gross domestic product this year. The government has proposed a broader defense procurement plan worth approximately NT$1.25 trillion ($40 billion), including purchases of American weaponry, domestically produced drones and other military equipment.

However, the proposal has faced resistance in Taiwan’s legislature. Opposition parties, which hold a majority of seats, approved a reduced special defense budget last month worth about $25 billion, cutting roughly one-third of the funding requested by the government.

In a move aimed at addressing capability gaps, Taiwan’s cabinet on Thursday approved an additional NT$210 billion ($6.6 billion) for indigenous unmanned systems. The defense ministry has argued that the reduced budget approved by lawmakers would be insufficient to fully achieve planned force modernization goals.

Lai also accused China of increasing pressure on neighboring countries, including Japan and the Philippines, amid maritime disputes in waters east of Taiwan. His comments followed recent announcements by Tokyo and Manila that they would begin formal negotiations to delimit maritime boundaries between their exclusive economic zones and continental shelves.

China has opposed those talks and continues to assert broad claims across the East and South China Seas. Lai said Beijing’s military activities and coercive actions in the Taiwan Strait and wider Indo-Pacific region were expanding, raising concerns among regional governments.

Japan and the Philippines have strengthened security cooperation in recent years amid shared concerns over China’s maritime claims and growing military presence across disputed waters.

The People’s Liberation Army Eastern Theater Command said it deployed naval and air forces to monitor the vessel during its passage through the strategically sensitive waterway.

The statement followed China’s accusation last week that the same Dutch warship had illegally entered waters near the disputed Paracel Islands in the South China Sea. The Netherlands rejected the claim, saying the vessel was operating in accordance with international law during a deployment focused on diplomatic, security and economic interests.

China claims sovereignty over Taiwan and regards the Taiwan Strait as part of its territorial waters, a position disputed by many Western governments, which view the waterway as an international passage.

The Dutch navy did not immediately comment on China’s latest statement.The transit highlights continuing tensions over freedom of navigation and competing territorial claims in the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea.

The patrol was described as a “law enforcement” operation aimed at safeguarding China’s sovereign rights. Beijing has criticized the planned negotiations, arguing they involve waters east of Taiwan, which China considers part of its territory.

Taiwan’s foreign ministry rejected China’s position, saying Beijing has no authority over Taiwan’s territorial sovereignty or maritime rights. The dispute adds to growing regional tensions, with Chinese military and coast guard vessels operating frequently around Taiwan and in the South China Sea.

China claims Taiwan and most of the South China Sea under its “nine-dash line” map, a position rejected by Taiwan and several neighboring countries.

Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense said it detected 21 Chinese military aircraft, including J-16 fighter jets and unmanned aerial vehicles, operating around Taiwan on Monday alongside Chinese naval vessels participating in what Beijing describes as a joint combat readiness patrol.

The patrol marked the second such operation within a week and came as Taiwan remains alert to potential shifts in Chinese military behavior following discussions on Taiwan between Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump during Trump’s recent visit to Beijing.

China claims Taiwan as part of its territory and has steadily increased military pressure on the island through frequent deployments of warships and military aircraft. Taiwan’s government rejects Beijing’s sovereignty claims and maintains that only the island’s people can determine their future.

According to Taiwan’s defense ministry, the Chinese aircraft and naval vessels operated around multiple sectors of the island before the patrol concluded. Taipei responded by dispatching ships and combat aircraft to monitor the movements and maintain surveillance.

The ministry also released images captured by Taiwanese forces, including photographs from an F-16 fighter showing two Chinese aircraft flying near a Y-20 aerial refueling tanker. Additional images showed the Chinese guided-missile destroyer Yinchuan and a Taiwanese sailor observing the vessel through binoculars.

Speaking in Taipei on Tuesday, Pan Chun-kuang of the defense ministry’s intelligence department said the latest patrol had ended but stressed that Taiwan continued to monitor Chinese military activities in surrounding waters and airspace.

Pan said Taiwan was closely tracking the movements of China’s aircraft carrier Liaoning in the Western Pacific and would provide additional information on Chinese deployments when necessary.

The latest operation followed a similar Chinese readiness patrol conducted last Tuesday, one day before Taiwan President Lai Ching-te marked the second anniversary of his administration. Beijing has repeatedly labeled Lai a separatist and has rejected his offers for dialogue.

Military activity has also extended beyond the Taiwan Strait. Over the weekend, Taiwan’s coast guard reported an encounter with a Chinese coast guard vessel near the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands, a strategically important outpost in the northern reaches of the South China Sea.

Separately, Taiwan National Security Council Secretary-General Joseph Wu said on social media that approximately 100 Chinese vessels were operating within the so-called first island chain, a strategic maritime corridor stretching from Japan through Taiwan to the Philippines.

China’s Ministry of National Defense did not immediately comment on Taiwan’s account of the patrol.

The increased tempo of Chinese military operations reflects Beijing’s continued effort to assert its claims over Taiwan while testing the island’s defensive readiness and signaling its opposition to any moves it perceives as supporting Taiwanese sovereignty.

Joseph Wu, secretary-general of Taiwan’s National Security Council, said in a post on X that the deployment had taken place over the past few days following U.S. President Donald Trump’s meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing. Wu said China was undermining the status quo and threatening peace and stability in the region.

A Taiwan security official, speaking on condition of anonymity, told AFP that Chinese vessels had been detected before the Beijing summit but that the number operating in the region had risen above 100 in recent days.

China, which views democratically governed Taiwan as part of its territory, has repeatedly stated that it reserves the right to use force to bring the island under its control.

Taiwan rejects Beijing’s sovereignty claims and maintains that only its people can determine the island’s future.The reported increase in Chinese maritime activity came days after Trump referred to “the Taiwan problem” when asked whether he would discuss arms sales with Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te.

Trump said he would speak with Lai and noted that he had held what he described as a productive meeting with Xi during his state visit to China.“We’ll work on that, the Taiwan problem,” Trump said on Wednesday.

Taiwan has frequently reported heightened Chinese military and coast guard operations around the island, activities that Taipei says are aimed at increasing pressure on its government and testing regional security responses.

The latest deployment, according to Taiwanese officials, extended across multiple strategic waterways in East Asia, underscoring Beijing’s expanding maritime presence at a time of heightened geopolitical scrutiny in the Taiwan Strait and surrounding seas.

Trump told reporters on Wednesday that he intended to speak with Lai as his administration considers potential arms sales to Taiwan, the self-governed island claimed by China.

A direct conversation between sitting presidents of the United States and Taiwan would be unprecedented since Washington formally switched diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing in 1979 under the “One China” policy framework.

Taiwan’s foreign ministry said Lai remained committed to maintaining stability across the Taiwan Strait and described China as “the disruptor of peace and stability.”

Lai would be “happy to discuss these matters with President Trump,” the ministry said in a statement.
“I’ll speak to him. I speak to everybody,” Trump said, adding that he had held productive discussions with Chinese President Xi Jinping during his visit to Beijing last week.

“We’ll work on that, the Taiwan problem,” Trump said.
The remarks came after Trump suggested that future U.S. arms sales to Taiwan could become part of broader negotiations with Beijing, raising concerns in Taipei over Washington’s long-term security commitments.

Taiwan’s government has since sought to reassure domestic and international audiences that U.S. policy toward the island remains unchanged and that Trump made no commitments to China regarding military support for Taipei.

Taiwan relies heavily on U.S. security backing to deter potential military action from China, which considers the island part of its territory and has repeatedly vowed to bring it under Beijing’s control, by force if necessary.

Taipei has also faced sustained pressure from Washington to increase defense spending and expand investment in American industries as part of closer economic and strategic coordination.

Trump previously disrupted diplomatic convention in 2016 when, as president-elect, he accepted a phone call from then Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen, drawing sharp criticism from Beijing and surprising foreign policy officials in both Washington and Asia.

Speaking at a news conference in Taipei marking two years since taking office, Lai said Taiwan remained committed to maintaining the status quo while accusing Beijing of escalating military pressure across the Indo-Pacific region.

“My government is committed to maintaining the status quo, and Taiwan is also a guardian of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait,” Lai said.

“China is the one undermining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait,” he added, citing Beijing’s expanding military exercises and deployments extending into the western Pacific.

The remarks came after Trump suggested last week that future US arms sales to Taiwan could serve as a bargaining tool in negotiations with China following meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

Trump also indicated he was considering whether to hold direct talks with Lai, which would mark a significant break from decades of US diplomatic practice.

Washington shifted formal diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing in 1979, and no direct conversation between sitting US and Taiwanese presidents has occurred since then.

Lai said communication channels between Taipei and Washington remained open and that he would use any opportunity to convey the views of Taiwanese society directly to the US administration.

“The Republic of China, Taiwan, is a sovereign and independent country,” Lai said, using Taiwan’s formal constitutional name.

“No country has the right to annex Taiwan. The people of Taiwan pursue a democratic and free way of life.”
Lai also defended Taiwan’s continued purchases of US weapons systems, describing military procurement as necessary to preserve peace and deterrence across the Taiwan Strait.

Taiwan has increased defense spending amid rising Chinese military activity around the island and continued pressure from Washington for Taipei to assume greater responsibility for its own defense.
In Beijing, China’s Taiwan Affairs Office dismissed Lai’s comments, accusing Taiwan’s ruling Democratic Progressive Party of destabilizing the region.

Spokesperson Zhu Fenglian said Taiwan could not prevent what she described as the “historical trend” of reunification with the mainland.
China, which claims Taiwan as part of its territory, has never renounced the use of force to bring the island under its control, though it continues to publicly advocate what it calls “peaceful reunification.”

Taiwan recently reported increased Chinese military operations near the island and published rare images of Chinese fighter aircraft and naval vessels operating in nearby waters.

Lai reiterated that Taiwan’s future could only be decided by its people and said Taipei remained willing to engage in dialogue with Beijing on the basis of equality and dignity.

The remarks came after Trump’s summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, where the US president acknowledged uncertainty over future military sales to Taiwan, raising questions about Washington’s security commitment to the self-governed island claimed by China.

Despite having no formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan, the United States remains Taipei’s most significant international supporter and is required under the Taiwan Relations Act to provide the island with defensive weapons.

Karen Kuo, spokesperson for Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te, said China’s intensifying military activities represented the main destabilizing force in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Taiwan Strait.

“Military sales between Taiwan and the US are not only a reflection of the US security commitment to Taiwan as stipulated in the Taiwan Relations Act, but also serve as a mutual deterrence against regional threats,” Kuo said in a statement.She added that Taiwan appreciated Trump’s continued support for stability in the Taiwan Strait and would continue strengthening cooperation with Washington.

Reuters previously reported that a proposed second US arms package for Taiwan valued at approximately $14 billion remains pending approval after the Trump administration approved an $11 billion package in December.

Taiwanese Deputy Foreign Minister Chen Ming-chi declined to comment directly on the pending sale, saying discussions remained ongoing with Washington.Taiwan’s government has also struggled to secure passage of a broader $40 billion defense spending proposal through an opposition-controlled parliament.

Earlier this month lawmakers approved roughly two-thirds of the requested budget, specifically allocating it for US arms procurement.US lawmakers from both major parties have urged the administration to continue supporting Taiwan militarily amid growing pressure from Beijing.

Trump also suggested he could speak directly with Lai regarding the proposed sale, telling reporters after his meeting with Xi that he needed to talk with “the person that’s running Taiwan.”Chen said Taipei was still trying to determine the “true intent” behind Trump’s comments.

A senior Taiwanese security official, speaking anonymously because of the issue’s sensitivity, said arms discussions should involve Taiwan rather than Beijing.China has increased military operations around Taiwan in recent years and has not ruled out using force to bring the island under its control.

Beijing rejects Lai’s government and labels him a separatist.Kuo reiterated Taiwan’s position that the Republic of China, the island’s formal name, is “a sovereign, independent democratic country,” dismissing Beijing’s sovereignty claims.