In a diplomatic note sent to foreign embassies and international organizations on Wednesday, Moscow said it would carry out “retaliatory strikes,” including against “decision-making centers” in Kyiv, should Ukraine attempt attacks linked to the commemorations.

Russia urged diplomatic missions to “ensure the timely evacuation of personnel from diplomatic and other missions, as well as citizens, from the city of Kyiv.”Ukraine did not immediately respond to the warning.The threat comes amid heightened tensions surrounding Russia’s annual Victory Day celebrations, a major state event commemorating the Soviet Union’s role in defeating Nazi Germany during World War Two.

Earlier this week, Russia announced a unilateral ceasefire for May 8-9 to coincide with the commemorations. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky criticized the move and proposed a separate ceasefire beginning May 6, which Kyiv said Moscow ignored.Zelensky suggested earlier this week that Russia feared potential Ukrainian drone activity over Moscow during the parade.

In his nightly address on Wednesday, he accused Russia of continuing attacks despite Kyiv’s proposed truce and said Ukraine would “respond in kind.”Ukrainian officials reported multiple Russian strikes throughout Wednesday, including attacks in the northern Sumy region where local authorities said at least two people were killed at a kindergarten.

Overall, officials reported at least four deaths in attacks across the country.Military officers stationed on the eastern front told AFP that combat activity had continued at existing intensity levels despite ceasefire discussions.“The enemy continued to carry out infantry raids and attempts to storm our positions,” one Ukrainian officer said on condition of anonymity, adding that Ukrainian forces had responded to Russian attacks.

Another frontline commander said fighting remained unchanged, describing the military response as “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”Russia’s defense ministry said it intercepted 53 Ukrainian drones overnight between 2100 GMT and 0700 GMT, a lower number than reported in previous days.

The ministry did not specify whether any attacks occurred after Kyiv’s proposed ceasefire deadline.The conflict has intensified in recent weeks with both sides carrying out strikes deep behind front lines. On Tuesday, Ukrainian drone attacks reportedly killed two people in the Russian city of Cheboksary along the Volga River, hundreds of kilometers from Ukraine’s border.Security measures in Moscow have tightened ahead of Friday’s parade.

Russian authorities have announced intermittent citywide internet shutdowns and said military hardware would be removed from the parade for the first time in nearly two decades.Diplomatic efforts to end the war, now in its fifth year, have shown limited progress.

Moscow continues to demand that Ukraine withdraw from four regions claimed by Russia, conditions Kyiv has rejected.

Eric Walrond’s 1926 short story collection Tropic Death is receiving renewed critical attention for its portrayal of violence and social hierarchy in Caribbean colonial societies, alongside a reassessment of the author’s complex literary and personal trajectory.

The collection foregrounds structural and interpersonal violence through a series of narratives set across the Caribbean basin. In one episode, a labourer is shot without cause by a drunken U.S. marine lieutenant. In another, a boy diving into the sea to retrieve coins thrown by passengers aboard a German ocean liner is killed by a shark. These accounts, drawn from Walrond’s fiction, depict environments shaped by economic inequality, colonial authority, and social vulnerability

.A central story in the collection centres on Bellon, a British plantation owner in Barbados. During a storm, Bellon encounters what he assumes to be an abandoned infant and criticises local residents for what he perceives as neglect. He takes the child to shelter, but is found dead the following morning, described as “utterly white and bloodless.” The narrative reveals that the figure he rescued was a vampire bat, presenting an instance in which racial assumptions obscure immediate danger.

Upon publication, Tropic Death received significant recognition, including a Guggenheim award, and was noted by critics for its stylistic approach and subject matter. However, responses among Walrond’s contemporaries were divided. Marcus Garvey included Walrond in a list of writers he described as “literary prostitutes,” alleging that their work was shaped to appeal to white audiences.

Claude McKay characterised Walrond as a “rotten imposter,” arguing that his experimental language masked what he viewed as problematic racial representations. At the same time, Walrond’s patron, Edna Worthley Underwood, discouraged his plan to write a historical account of the Panama Canal, advising him instead to focus on Caribbean themes.

Following these responses, Walrond relocated to Europe. He spent time in Paris before moving to London, where he published short fiction in established periodicals. His work during this period is considered among the earliest contributions by a Caribbean author to British literary outlets.

The outbreak of the Second World War marked a turning point in his career. Walrond moved to Bradford-on-Avon in Wiltshire, where he worked in a rubber factory. During this period, he continued limited journalistic activity, including reporting on racial discrimination and the arrival of the HMT Empire Windrush, which carried Caribbean migrants to Britain. However, his literary output declined significantly. He lived largely in isolation, described as the only Black resident in the town at the time.

Walrond’s correspondence from this period indicates increasing personal and professional dissatisfaction. He described his circumstances as a “quest for stability in a world in which nothing is stable,” linking his inability to sustain creative work with a broader sense of displacement.

In 1952, he admitted himself to Roundway Hospital, a psychiatric institution, referring to himself as a “depression casualty.” He remained there for five years.While at Roundway, Walrond resumed writing, contributing fiction to the hospital’s internal magazine. Accounts from this period suggest that the institutional environment provided a temporary sense of community, which he described as “brotherliness.”

Despite this renewed activity, his post-hospital efforts to re-establish a literary career in London did not achieve significant recognition.Walrond died of a heart attack at the age of 67. Contemporary records indicate that his death received little public notice, and he was buried in an unmarked grave.

Subsequent academic research has revisited Walrond’s contributions, situating Tropic Death within broader discussions of colonial literature and diasporic identity. Scholars have examined the collection’s thematic focus on labour exploitation, racial hierarchy, and environmental context, as well as its narrative style.

Walrond’s work is increasingly referenced in studies of early 20th-century Caribbean writing, particularly in relation to migration and the cultural exchanges between the Caribbean, the United States, and Europe. His experiences in multiple nations and his shifting literary reception have been cited as reflective of the challenges faced by writers operating across colonial and metropolitan contexts.

The renewed attention to Walrond’s writing coincides with broader scholarly interest in recovering overlooked or marginalised authors whose work addresses historical inequalities and social transformation.

His fiction continues to be analysed for its depiction of communities shaped by economic extraction and racial stratification, as well as for its representation of individual agency within constrained environments.

“No, I wouldn’t use it,” Trump told reporters at the White House, referring to nuclear weapons. “Why would I use a nuclear weapon when we’ve, in a very conventional way, decimated them without it?” he added, while also stating that such weapons “should never be allowed to be used by anybody.”

The remarks come after Trump earlier this month warned that Iran faced destruction, comments that drew scrutiny before a ceasefire was agreed and subsequently extended.

During the conflict, Vice President JD Vance said Washington was prepared to intensify its military response using capabilities not previously deployed, though the White House denied that nuclear weapons were under consideration.

Trump reiterated that his objective was to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, saying he sought an Iran “without a nuclear weapon” that could threaten U.S. cities or regional stability. Tehran has consistently denied pursuing nuclear arms, and the International Atomic Energy Agency has said an atomic weapon was not imminent prior to the outbreak of hostilities.

The United States remains the only country to have used nuclear weapons in combat, during the final stages of World War II, when atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons but has not publicly confirmed their existence.

Trump’s statement appears to contrast with longstanding U.S. nuclear doctrine, which has not ruled out the potential use of nuclear weapons under certain conditions.

Previous administrations, including that of Barack Obama, have advocated for reducing nuclear risks while maintaining deterrence capabilities.

Five days after Montgomery’s forces clinched their victory over Rommel over in Egypt, the Allies defeated their opponents in Morocco and Algeria on November 16.

On November 8,1942, the Western Allies launched Operation Torch, landing in Vichy-controlled Morocco and Algeria to open up a second front in World War II. Torch was a paradoxical operation: The Allies won in just over a week, but losses were relatively high as the operation provided harsh lessons to be learned ahead of the D-Day landings 18 months later.